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Bijar Rug
»» Introduction
The city of Bijar is located in Kurdestan province 474 kilometers west of Tehran. The city's neighbors are : Zanjan to the north , northeast and east, Ghorveh and Hamedan to the south, Sanandaj to the south west. The people of the city speak Farsi, Kurdish and Turkish and also"Kermanji Ardalani" dialect , one of the most original dialects of Kurdish language , is quite popular among the Kurdish speaking people of the sity. The stair shaped village of Palangan,Kurdistan Salavat abad casrle- Bijar The sity has been the birth place of prominent figures like : Amir Nezam , Fazel Khan Garoosi, Alireza Khan Sertip Garoosi and Ayatullah Fazel Garoosi.( worth mentioning that the previous name of Bijar was Garoos and the old carpet traders still call Bijar, Garoos) . Since the main activity of the population in the area was agriculture and animal husbandry, weaving items such as Kilim , jajim ,bath sponges (made of wool) and most important of all hand woven carpet was very popular. These items were produced both in the city and also in suberds of roughly 30 villages . Also five tribes moving about the city were involved in weaving Namakdan,Bokursi, Mooj (bedcover spreads), Ehrami (used for prayers) and Sofreh-Ard(towel used for keeping bread) . 
»» Raw material , Dyes and Weaving
The village and tribe woven carprts in Bijar city are known as ' All – Wool ' or ' Wool –in – Wool ' carpets . This meant that warp ,weft and den were all made of hand made wool.Of course in the museum we can find silk warp as well. Presently cotton warp and weft and woolen den are also used for weaving carpets. The row count of most carpets of Bijar is detween 30 to 45 rows per7 centimeters.A Turkish warp,symmetrical knots and two weft weaving technique is popular in Bijar carpet weaving . Kilim weaving is Farsi style and binding is carpets were called iran carpets due to its extra density which itself was because of repeated and sever beating of the comb . The tools used in Bijar carpet weaving are scissors, Suke or Seng comb to put the thin weft in its place (specially in Kilim weaving) Shole Kub or small deating comb,( to beat thick and thin wefts) . The weavers use their fingers to weave symmetrical knots rather than using a hook. The weavers of Bijar style who live in Takaab , use left symmetrical knots . This means that raw yarn is first turned around the above weft ( locally called vas) and then wraps over the lower weft ( locally called Gord ) . 
Currently at least 15 colors for the patterns of Bijar carpets . In the hunting design this number may even increase to up to 20 . The dokinant colors are: Dark blue, mild blue , mild blue , light or sky blue , red ( Gol Khar) , brown ,cream,dark and light gray,light and dark green,yellow and cinnamon. Using a scissors to cut the carpet den Kurdish women spinning wool in the traditional methods- Kurdistan Designing and pattern coloring-Bijar Using a symmetrical knots Corner medallion design plain –weave design – Bijar Herbal coloring –using Sparak in fiber coloring »» Design and pattern The Bijar carpet enjoys a wide variety of designs. The corner medallion design with a big number of flowers in the background, called Dar-o-gol,is an example. The sample design (locally called Dastani) like combination of fishes which is woven in two styles, the corner medallion or without the corner medallion and all through,is another example." Mina Khani" and " Bid-e-Majnoon " has also its origins in this area.Shah Abbasi (Palmette flower) pattern is plentiful in Bijar . Mixed design( corner medallion combination fish design)-Bijar Bijar carpet The design of 13th century ( lunar calendar) carpet of Bijar was mainly influenced by Vase and Shah Abbasi. And Vagireh designs of central parts of the country . The Serdary design is another well known design of Bijar. In allover of this design which recalls the Polonze design , the Eslimi torpedo mouth designs are horizontally repeated . We can refer to "Mahi halvaee" and "Mahi mirak" as two common examples of combination fish design of Bijar . One of these beautiful combination fish designs is now in the Carpet Museum. In the carpet ,Which has a date on it, the fish , very similar to its vatural shope are woven in regular forms and scattered allover the carpet with different colors . Mixed Lachak Toranj ( corner – medallion ) design Mixed medallion design, inside the medallion there is a Mostofi design Ministry of Commerce National Iranian Carpet Center Persian Carpet Research Center 12th floor, Building No 2 Ministry of Commerce , Vali - asr Square , Tehran / Iran Info @carpetrc.com www.carpetrc.com 1- Corner medallion design, plain – weav design 2- Part of a border known as Sardari 3- Mixed design , decorated medallion with mostofi design 4- Corner and Part of Bijar carpet with combination fish design 5- Part of a border and main body of a sample Bijar carpet |
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